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Jakob Kordež 2023-09-24 21:46:35 +02:00
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2
1_radioamaterji.md
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@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ V Sloveniji okoli 4000 radioamaterjev
::right::
<img src="/images/zrs_logo_white.png" class="h-70">
<img src="/images/zrs_logo_black.png" class="invertible h-70">
---

9
4_pravila_praksa.md
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@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ layout: cover
# Vspostavljanje amaterskih radijskih zvez
TODO: Slika??
---
##### Načini vzpostavljanja zvez
@ -539,7 +537,6 @@ Preberi: [**Etika in operaterski postopki**](https://www.s59veg.si/files/etika_j
---
# Amaterske digitalne komunikacije
TODO Slike
---
@ -1114,7 +1111,7 @@ Repetitor (repeater) je simpleksna ali dupleksna radijska postaja.
::right::
<img src="/images/repeater_diagram.jpg" class="invertable w-120">
<img src="/images/repeater_diagram.jpg" class="w-120">
---
@ -1251,7 +1248,7 @@ Lahko slišimo svojo oddajo
::right::
<img src="/images/web_12.svg" class="invertable w-90 bg-white p-4">
<img src="/images/web_12.svg" class="w-90 bg-white p-4">
---
layout: image-fill
@ -1282,7 +1279,7 @@ layout: image-fill
::image::
<img src="/images/remote.jpg" class="invertable h-80 m-auto">
<img src="/images/remote.jpg" class="invertible">
---

278
5_elektrotehnika.md
View File

@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ layout: cover
::right::
<div class="flex flex-col items-end gap-5">
<img src="/images/web_15.png" class="w-100 bg-white p-5">
<img src="/images/molekula.png" class="w-50 bg-white p-5">
<img src="/images/web_15.png" class="h-50 bg-white p-5">
<img src="/images/molekula.png" class="h-40 bg-white p-5">
</div>
---
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Električno polje je prostor, v katerem deluje električna sila na električni n
::image::
<img src="/images/e_field.png" class="bg-white invertable">
<img src="/images/e_field.png" class="bg-white">
---
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ layout: image-fill
::image::
<img src="/images/web_18.jpg" class="invertable">
<img src="/images/web_18.jpg" class="invertible">
---
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ Glede na izvedbo ločimo: žični, slojni, polni ali masni upor
::right::
<img src="/images/web_19.jpg" width=300>
<img src="/images/web_19.jpg" class="w-70">
---
@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ Temperaturno odvisni upori:
- **PTK** (Pozitivni temperaturni koeficient): S **segrevanjem** se **upornost povečuje**
- **NTK** (Negativni temperaturni koeficinet): S **segrevanjem** se **upornost zmanjšuje**
::left::
::row::
Delimo:
a - stalni upor
@ -210,9 +210,7 @@ b - nastavljivi upor
c - spremenljivi upor
d - potenciometer
::right::
<img src="/images/upori.jpg" width=400 class="bg-white p-5 invertable">
<img src="/images/upori.jpg" class="w-100 bg-white p-5 invertible">
---
layout: image-fill
@ -239,7 +237,7 @@ To so črte, ki kažejo smer polja in potekajo od severnega proti južnemu polu
::right::
<img src="/images/magnet.jpg" class="w-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/magnet.jpg" class="w-80">
---
@ -254,9 +252,9 @@ Enosmerna napetost: tista napetost, ki
::row::
<img src="/images/dc.jpg" class="h-60 invertable">
<img src="/images/dc_voltage.jpg" class="h-60 invertable">
<img src="/images/web_21.gif" class="h-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/dc.jpg" class="h-60 invertible">
<img src="/images/dc_voltage.jpg" class="h-60 invertible">
<img src="/images/web_21.gif" class="h-50">
---
layout: image-fill
@ -297,7 +295,7 @@ Najbolj osnoven izvor enosmerne napetosti
Dopustni tok enak dopustnemu toku ene celice.
</div>
<img src="/images/bat_zap.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/bat_zap.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
<div>
@ -308,7 +306,7 @@ Skupna napetost enaka napetosti ene celice
**Dopustni tok enak vsoti dopustnih tokov posameznih celic.**
</div>
<img src="/images/bat_vzp.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/bat_vzp.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -334,13 +332,13 @@ $$ I_k = \frac{U_c}{R_g} $$
::row::
<div>
<img src="/images/scheme0.jpg" class="h-70 invertable">
<img src="/images/scheme0.jpg" class="h-70 invertible">
Električni krog (baterija in upor)
</div>
<div>
<img src="/images/scheme1.jpg" class="h-70 invertable">
<img src="/images/scheme1.jpg" class="h-70 invertible">
Shema električnega kroga leve slike
</div>
@ -381,9 +379,9 @@ Izmenična napetost: napetost, ki se s časom spreminja
::row::
<img src="/images/ac.jpg" class="h-70 invertable">
<img src="/images/ac_voltage.jpg" class="h-70 invertable">
<img src="/images/web_24.gif" class="h-60 invertable">
<img src="/images/ac.jpg" class="h-70 invertible">
<img src="/images/ac_voltage.jpg" class="h-70 invertible">
<img src="/images/web_24.gif" class="h-60">
---
@ -394,9 +392,9 @@ $$ U = U_{max} \cdot \sin(\alpha) $$
::row::
<img src="/images/ac_generator.jpg" class="h-40 invertable">
<img src="/images/ac_sin.jpg" class="h-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/ac_sin_volt.jpg" class="h-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/ac_generator.jpg" class="h-40 invertible">
<img src="/images/ac_sin.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
<img src="/images/ac_sin_volt.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
---
@ -404,8 +402,8 @@ $$ U = U_{max} \cdot \sin(\alpha) $$
::row::
<img src="/images/sin1.jpg" class="h-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/sin2.jpg" class="h-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/sin1.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
<img src="/images/sin2.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
---
@ -430,7 +428,7 @@ $U_\text{vrh} = 1.57 \cdot U_\text{sre}$
::right::
<img src="/images/sin_voltage.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/sin_voltage.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -459,8 +457,8 @@ merimo v stopinjah (°).
::row::
<img src="/images/signal_sum1.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/signal_sum2.jpg" class="h-90 invertable">
<img src="/images/signal_sum1.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
<img src="/images/signal_sum2.jpg" class="h-90 invertible">
---
layout: image-fill
@ -472,7 +470,7 @@ Kateri od navedenih signalov je enak vsoti signala A in B?
::image::
<img src="/images/signal_sum_ex.jpg" class="invertable">
<img src="/images/signal_sum_ex.jpg" class="invertible">
---
layout: image-fill
@ -482,7 +480,7 @@ layout: image-fill
::image::
<img src="/images/pev.jpg" class="invertable">
<img src="/images/pev.jpg" class="invertible">
---
@ -498,7 +496,7 @@ $$R = \frac{U}{I}$$
::right::
<img src="/images/ohm_zakon.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/ohm_zakon.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
---
@ -506,7 +504,7 @@ $$R = \frac{U}{I}$$
::row::
<img src="/images/ohm_ex_1.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/ohm_ex_1.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
<div>
@ -520,7 +518,7 @@ $$ I = \frac{U}{R} = \frac{12\ V}{25\ \Omega} = 0.48\ A $$
::row::
<img src="/images/ohm_ex_2.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/ohm_ex_2.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
<div>
@ -534,7 +532,7 @@ $$ U = I \cdot R = 6\ \Omega \cdot 3\ A = 18\ V $$
::row::
<img src="/images/ohm_ex_3.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/ohm_ex_3.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
<div>
@ -558,7 +556,7 @@ $I_\text{skupna} = I_1 = I_2 = ...$
::right::
<img src="/images/upor_zap.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/upor_zap.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
---
@ -576,7 +574,7 @@ $I_\text{skupna} = I_1 + I_2 + ...$
::right::
<img src="/images/upor_vzp.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/upor_vzp.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
---
@ -592,7 +590,7 @@ $R_\text{skupna} = 5\ \Omega + 10\ \Omega = 15\ \Omega$
::right::
<img src="/images/upor_ex.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/upor_ex.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
---
@ -606,7 +604,7 @@ $U_{AB} = U - R_g \cdot I = 6\ V - (4\ \Omega \cdot 0.5\ A) = 4V$
::right::
<img src="/images/real_gen.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/real_gen.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
---
@ -620,7 +618,7 @@ $U_{AB} = U - R_g \cdot I = 6\ V - (4\ \Omega \cdot 0.5\ A) = 4V$
$$\sum I = 0$$
<img src="/images/kirch_1.jpg" class="h-75 invertable">
<img src="/images/kirch_1.jpg" class="h-75 invertible">
---
@ -630,7 +628,7 @@ $$\sum I = 0$$
$$ \sum U = \sum I \cdot R $$
<img src="/images/kirch_2.jpg" class="h-75 invertable">
<img src="/images/kirch_2.jpg" class="h-75 invertible">
---
@ -646,7 +644,7 @@ $I_1 = I_4 - I_3 - I_2 = 5A - 5A - 2A = -2A$
::right::
<img src="/images/kirch_ex_1.jpg" class="invertable">
<img src="/images/kirch_ex_1.jpg" class="invertible">
---
@ -665,7 +663,7 @@ $(12\ V - 10\ V) = I_1 \cdot 10\ \Omega$
::right::
<img src="/images/kirch_ex_2.jpg" class="w-120 invertable">
<img src="/images/kirch_ex_2.jpg" class="w-120 invertible">
---
@ -698,7 +696,7 @@ $P_\text{sre} = I^2_\text{ef} \cdot R$
$P_\text{ef} \neq P_\text{sre}$
</div>
<img src="/images/moc.jpg" class="w-60 invertable">
<img src="/images/moc.jpg" class="w-60 invertible">
---
@ -708,7 +706,7 @@ $P_\text{ef} \neq P_\text{sre}$
$$ P_\text{PEP} = \frac{U^2_\text{PEV}}{2 \cdot R} $$
<img src="/images/pep.jpg" class="w-120 invertable">
<img src="/images/pep.jpg" class="w-120 invertible">
---
@ -728,7 +726,7 @@ $$ R = R_g \rarr P_{max} = \frac{U^2 \cdot R}{4 \cdot R^2} = \frac{U^2}{4 \cdot
::right::
<img src="/images/img1055.jpg" class="w-90 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1055.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
---
@ -857,14 +855,14 @@ Pravilo desnega vijaka (smer silnic)
::right::
<img src="/images/img1108.jpg" class="h-60 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1108.jpg" class="h-60 invertible">
---
::row::
<img src="/images/img1110.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1112.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1110.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
<img src="/images/img1112.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
---
@ -875,7 +873,7 @@ Pravilo desnega vijaka (smer silnic)
::row::
<img src="/images/web_25.png" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/web_25.png" class="w-100 invertible">
<img src="/images/web_26.jpg" class="w-100">
---
@ -886,7 +884,7 @@ Pri idealni tuljavi vedno **tok zaostaja za napetostjo za 90°**
::image::
<img src="/images/web_27.gif" class="invertable">
<img src="/images/web_27.gif" class="invertible">
---
@ -906,11 +904,11 @@ b. tuljava z feritnim jedrom
::right::
<div class="flex flex-col gap-5">
<img src="/images/img1129.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1129.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
<div class="flex gap-5">
<img src="/images/img1127.jpg" class="h-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1144.jpg" class="h-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1127.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
<img src="/images/img1144.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
</div>
</div>
@ -935,13 +933,13 @@ b. tuljava z feritnim jedrom
<div class="text-center">
$$ L_\text{skupna} = L_1 + L_1 + ... $$
<img src="/images/img1164.jpg" class="w-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1164.jpg" class="w-80 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
$$ \frac{1}{L_\text{skupna}} = \frac{1}{L_1}+\frac{1}{L_{2}}+... $$
<img src="/images/img1160.jpg" class="w-60 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1160.jpg" class="w-60 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -965,8 +963,8 @@ Pri višjih frekvencah tok raje teče po površini žice, kot po njej.
::right::
<div class="flex flex-col gap-5">
<img src="/images/img1162.jpg" class="w-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1156.jpg" class="w-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1162.jpg" class="w-80 invertible">
<img src="/images/img1156.jpg" class="w-80 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -986,8 +984,8 @@ faktorjev so med 0 in 1.
::row::
<img src="/images/transformator.jpg" class="h-50">
<img src="/images/img1181.jpg" class="h-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1183.jpg" class="h-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1181.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
<img src="/images/img1183.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
---
@ -1003,7 +1001,7 @@ $\eta$ – izkoristek transformatorja
::right::
<img src="/images/img1181.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1181.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
---
@ -1022,7 +1020,7 @@ $n_s$ – število ovojev sekundarja
::right::
<img src="/images/img1181.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1181.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
---
@ -1040,7 +1038,7 @@ $$ U_s = \frac{U_p}{10} = \frac{220\ V}{10} = 22\ V $$
$$ I_s = I_p \cdot 10 = 2\ A \cdot 10 = 20\ A $$
</div>
<img src="/images/img1181.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1181.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -1058,12 +1056,12 @@ $$ I_s = I_p \cdot 10 = 2\ A \cdot 10 = 20\ A $$
<div class="text-center">
Zaporedna vezava navitij
<img src="/images/img1197.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1197.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
Kaskadna vezava
<img src="/images/img1199.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1199.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -1077,9 +1075,9 @@ Zmožnost **shranjevanja električne energije** v obliki **električnega naboja*
::row::
<img src="/images/img1213.jpg" class="h-60 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1217.jpg" class="h-60 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1215.jpg" class="h-60 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1213.jpg" class="h-60 invertible">
<img src="/images/img1217.jpg" class="h-60 invertible">
<img src="/images/img1215.jpg" class="h-60 invertible">
---
@ -1094,7 +1092,7 @@ b. nastavljivi kondenzator
c. spremenljivi kondenzator
d. elektrolitski kondenzator
<img src="/images/img1236.jpg" class="h-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1236.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
::right::
@ -1108,7 +1106,7 @@ Pri idealnem kondenzatorju **tok fazno prehiteva napetost za 90°**
::image::
<img src="/images/img1211.jpg" class="invertable">
<img src="/images/img1211.jpg" class="invertible">
---
@ -1121,8 +1119,6 @@ zaradi neidealnega dielektrika.
**Temperaturna odvisnost** kondenzatorja: vzrok je sprememba dielektrika,
saj se mu spreminja dielektrična konstanta.
TODO slike
---
# Vezave kondenzatorjev
@ -1132,13 +1128,13 @@ TODO slike
<div class="text-center">
$$ C_\text{skupna} = C_1 + C_2 + ... $$
<img src="/images/img1250.jpg" class="w-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1250.jpg" class="w-80 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
$$ \frac{1}{C_\text{skupna}} = \frac{1}{C_1} + \frac{1}{C_2} + ... $$
<img src="/images/img1248.jpg" class="w-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1248.jpg" class="w-80 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -1221,13 +1217,13 @@ Sestavljeni iz pasivnih elementov (kondenzatorjev, tuljav in uporov)
Zaporedni nihanji krog
v resonanci prepušča tok
<img src="/images/img1270.jpg" class="w-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1270.jpg" class="w-80 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
Vzporedni nihanji krog
v resonanci ne prepušča toka
<img src="/images/img1287.jpg" class="w-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1287.jpg" class="w-80 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -1251,7 +1247,7 @@ $Q = \frac{f_{RES}}{B}$
::right::
<img src="/images/img1270.jpg" class="h-90 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1270.jpg" class="h-90 invertible">
---
@ -1267,7 +1263,7 @@ Enačbe za resonančno frekvenco, kvaliteto in pasovno širino so enake kot pri
::right::
<img src="/images/img1287.jpg" class="h-90 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1287.jpg" class="h-90 invertible">
---
@ -1291,7 +1287,7 @@ Vsak filter povzroči **fazni zamik**
::right::
<img src="/images/img1301.jpg" class="h-120 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1301.jpg" class="h-120 invertible">
---
@ -1305,7 +1301,7 @@ Višji kot je red filtra, bolj se amplitudni odziv približuje idealnemu
::right::
<img src="/images/img1303.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1303.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
---
@ -1320,8 +1316,8 @@ Višji kot je red filtra, bolj se amplitudni odziv približuje idealnemu
::row::
<img src="/images/kristal.jpg" class="h-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1315.jpg" class="h-50 p-3 bg-white invertable">
<img src="/images/kristal.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
<img src="/images/img1315.jpg" class="h-50 p-3 bg-white invertible">
---
@ -1339,7 +1335,7 @@ Polprevodnikom **dodajamo primesi** (Dopiranje)
::right::
<img src="/images/web_29.png" class="w-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/web_29.png" class="w-80 p-4 bg-white invertible">
---
layout: grid
@ -1350,7 +1346,7 @@ layout: grid
### **N tip** polprevodnika
Donorji: petvalentne primesi, kot so fosfor, arzen, antimon, ki povečajo v polprevodniku število prostih elektronov
<img src="/images/web_30.jpg" class="w-60 m-auto invertable">
<img src="/images/web_30.jpg" class="w-70 m-auto bg-white p-2 invertible">
::right::
@ -1358,7 +1354,7 @@ Donorji: petvalentne primesi, kot so fosfor, arzen, antimon, ki povečajo v polp
Akceptorji: trivalentne primesi, kot so, bor,
aluminij, galij, indij, ki ustvarijo gibljive vrzeli
<img src="/images/web_31.jpg" class="w-60 m-auto invertable">
<img src="/images/web_31.jpg" class="w-70 m-auto bg-white p-2 invertible">
---
@ -1372,12 +1368,12 @@ Dioda v zaporni smeri prevaja majhen tok, ki ga imenujemo **zaporni tok ali tok
::right::
<img src="/images/img1335.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1335.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
::row::
<img src="/images/img1344.jpg" class="h-40 invertable">
<img src="/images/web_32.png" class="h-40 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1344.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
<img src="/images/web_32.png" class="h-40">
---
@ -1409,13 +1405,13 @@ Polnovalni usmernik
::row::
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1357.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1357.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
Zener dioda
Kot stabilizator napetosti
</div>
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1365.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1365.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
Tunelska dioda
Uporabljamo za ojačevalnike in oscilatorje
@ -1427,10 +1423,10 @@ Uporabljamo za ojačevalnike in oscilatorje
::row::
<img src="/images/web_35.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/web_35.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1367.jpg" class="h-60 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1367.jpg" class="h-60 invertible">
Zener diodo priključimo v vezju zaporno
Zaščita pred previsoko napetostjo
@ -1441,13 +1437,13 @@ Zaščita pred previsoko napetostjo
::row::
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/pnpn.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/pnpn.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
Štirislojna dioda (PNPN)
Namenjena zelo velikim tokovom
</div>
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/diak.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/diak.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
Bilateralno diodno stikalo (diak)
Začne delovati po preboju prebojne napetosti
@ -1458,13 +1454,13 @@ Začne delovati po preboju prebojne napetosti
::row::
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/tiristor.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/tiristor.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
Tiristor
Deluje kot stikalo
</div>
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/triak.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/triak.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
Triak
Dvosmerni tiristor
@ -1476,15 +1472,15 @@ Dvosmerni tiristor
<div class="text-center">
<div class="flex gap-2 items-center">
<img src="/images/img1361.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/web_36.jpg" class="h-60 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1361.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
<img src="/images/web_36.jpg" class="h-60">
</div>
Svetleča dioda (LED)
Pretvarja el. energijo v svetlobo
</div>
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/fotodioda.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/fotodioda.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
Fotodioda
Meritev svetlobe
@ -1496,13 +1492,13 @@ Meritev svetlobe
::row::
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/schottky.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/schottky.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
Schottky dioda
Izredno hitrost delovanja
</div>
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1359.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1359.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
Varaktorska (varicap) dioda
Dioda z kapacitivnostjo
@ -1525,7 +1521,7 @@ Priključki:
::right::
<img src="/images/img1386.jpg" class="w-130 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1386.jpg" class="w-130 invertible">
::bottom::
@ -1536,12 +1532,12 @@ Tok med emitorjem in kolektorjem kontroliramo z tokom med bazo in emitorjem oz.
::row::
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1388.jpg" class="w-110 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1388.jpg" class="w-110 invertible">
$\dfrac{I_C}{U_{CE}}$ in močnostna karakteristika tranzistorja
</div>
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1393.jpg" class="w-110 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1393.jpg" class="w-110 invertible">
Možne orientacije tranzistorja
</div>
@ -1559,12 +1555,12 @@ Možne orientacije tranzistorja
::row::
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/web_37.jpg" class="h-70 invertable">
<img src="/images/web_37.jpg" class="h-70 invertible">
Tranzistor kot ojačevalnik
</div>
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/web_38.png" class="h-70 invertable">
<img src="/images/web_38.png" class="h-70 invertible">
Tranzistor kot stikalo
</div>
@ -1589,7 +1585,7 @@ Vrste unipolarnih tranzistorjev:
::right::
<img src="/images/img1425.jpg" class="w-110 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1425.jpg" class="w-110 invertible">
---
@ -1616,8 +1612,8 @@ Skupek elementov (diode, tranzistorji, &hellip;) skrčimo na čim manjši prosto
::row::
<img src="/images/ic.jpg" class="h-70 invertable">
<img src="/images/ic_img.jpg" class="h-70 invertable">
<img src="/images/ic.jpg" class="h-70 invertible">
<img src="/images/ic_img.jpg" class="h-70">
---
@ -1631,7 +1627,7 @@ Digitalna integrirana vezja poznajo le dve logični stanji:
::row::
<img src="/images/img1440.jpg" class="w-130 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1440.jpg" class="w-130 invertible">
---
@ -1643,7 +1639,7 @@ Digitalna integrirana vezja poznajo le dve logični stanji:
Vrata IN (AND)
<img src="/images/gate_and.jpg" class="w-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/gate_and.jpg" class="w-50 invertible">
<table class="compact">
<tr><td>A</td><td>B</td><td>Y</td></tr>
<tr><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr>
@ -1656,7 +1652,7 @@ Vrata IN (AND)
Vrata ALI (OR)
<img src="/images/gate_or.jpg" class="w-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/gate_or.jpg" class="w-50 invertible">
<table class="compact">
<tr><td>A</td><td>B</td><td>Y</td></tr>
<tr><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr>
@ -1669,7 +1665,7 @@ Vrata ALI (OR)
Vrata NE (NOT)
<img src="/images/gate_not.jpg" class="w-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/gate_not.jpg" class="w-50 invertible">
<table class="compact">
<tr><td>A</td><td>Y</td></tr>
<tr><td>0</td><td>1</td></tr>
@ -1685,7 +1681,7 @@ Vrata NE (NOT)
Vrata ekskluzivni ALI (XOR)
<img src="/images/gate_xor.jpg" class="w-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/gate_xor.jpg" class="w-50 invertible">
<table class="compact">
<tr><td>A</td><td>B</td><td>Y</td></tr>
<tr><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr>
@ -1698,7 +1694,7 @@ Vrata ekskluzivni ALI (XOR)
Vrata NE-IN (NAND)
<img src="/images/gate_nand.jpg" class="w-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/gate_nand.jpg" class="w-50 invertible">
<table class="compact">
<tr><td>A</td><td>B</td><td>Y</td></tr>
<tr><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td></tr>
@ -1716,7 +1712,7 @@ Vrata NE-IN (NAND)
Vrata NE-ALI (NOR)
<img src="/images/gate_nor.jpg" class="w-50 invertable">
<img src="/images/gate_nor.jpg" class="w-50 invertible">
<table class="compact">
<tr><td>A</td><td>B</td><td>Y</td></tr>
<tr><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td></tr>
@ -1726,7 +1722,7 @@ Vrata NE-ALI (NOR)
</table>
</div>
<img src="/images/img1438.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1438.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
::bottom::
@ -1739,8 +1735,8 @@ Vrata NE-ALI (NOR)
::row::
<img src="/images/img1436.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/flip_flop.gif" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1436.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
<img src="/images/flip_flop.gif" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -1752,12 +1748,12 @@ Pri analognih integriranih vezjih **izhodni signal zvezno sledi spremembi vhodne
::row::
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1453.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1453.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
Operacijski ojačevalnik
</div>
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1455.jpg" class="w-100 bg-white p-5 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1455.jpg" class="w-100 bg-white p-5 invertible">
Stabilizirani napajalnik za simetrično napetost
</div>
@ -1771,8 +1767,8 @@ Kljub silnemu napredku tehnologije na področju tranzistorjev elektronske cevi
::row::
<img src="/images/img1512.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/elektronke.jpg" class="h-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1512.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
<img src="/images/elektronke.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
---
@ -1784,12 +1780,12 @@ Preveliko **segrevanje** lahko privede do **uničenja ojačevalnika**, zato je p
::row::
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1411.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1411.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
Načelna shema NF ojačevalnika (zvok)
</div>
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1413.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1413.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
Načelna shema VF ojačevalnika (radijski signali)
</div>
@ -1810,7 +1806,7 @@ Glede na **postavitev delovne točke ločimo**:
::right::
<img src="/images/img1466.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1466.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -1828,7 +1824,7 @@ Glede na **postavitev delovne točke ločimo**:
::right::
<img src="/images/img1475.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1475.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -1846,7 +1842,7 @@ Glede na **postavitev delovne točke ločimo**:
::right::
<img src="/images/img1484.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1484.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -1864,7 +1860,7 @@ Glede na **postavitev delovne točke ločimo**:
::right::
<img src="/images/img1493.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1493.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -1882,7 +1878,7 @@ Glede na **postavitev delovne točke ločimo**:
::right::
<img src="/images/img1502.jpg" class="w-100 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1502.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -1906,7 +1902,7 @@ Izmenično napetost znamo znižati z uporabo transformatorja
::row::
<img src="/images/trans_230_12.jpg" class="w-90 invertable">
<img src="/images/trans_230_12.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
---
@ -1915,7 +1911,7 @@ Izmenično napetost znamo znižati z uporabo transformatorja
::row::
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1523.jpg" class="w-120 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1523.jpg" class="w-120 invertible">
Polvalno in polnovalno usmerjanje
</div>
@ -1926,7 +1922,7 @@ Polvalno in polnovalno usmerjanje
::row::
<img src="/images/img1525.jpg" class="w-120 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1525.jpg" class="w-120 invertible">
---
@ -1935,13 +1931,13 @@ Polvalno in polnovalno usmerjanje
::row::
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1527.jpg" class="w-90 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1527.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
Glajena in stabilizirana napetost
</div>
<div class="flex flex-col gap-5">
<img src="/images/img1529.jpg" class="w-90 invertable">
<img src="/images/volt_stabilizer.jpg" class="w-90 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1529.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
<img src="/images/volt_stabilizer.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -1962,7 +1958,7 @@ layout: image-fill
::image::
<img src="/images/img1544.jpg" class="invertable">
<img src="/images/img1544.jpg" class="invertible">
---
@ -1973,12 +1969,12 @@ Mikrofon je naprava, ki zvočna nihanja pretvori v električno napetost
::row::
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1553.jpg" class="w-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1553.jpg" class="w-80 invertible">
Ogleni mikrofon
</div>
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1555.jpg" class="w-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1555.jpg" class="w-80 invertible">
Kondenzatorski mikrofon
</div>
@ -1988,12 +1984,12 @@ Kondenzatorski mikrofon
::row::
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1559.jpg" class="w-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1559.jpg" class="w-80 invertible">
Kristalni mikrofon
</div>
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/img1557.jpg" class="w-80 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1557.jpg" class="w-80 invertible">
Dinamični mikrofon
</div>
@ -2008,4 +2004,4 @@ Električno napetost pretvarja v mehansko nihanje membrane
::right::
<img src="/images/img1574.jpg" class="w-60 invertable">
<img src="/images/img1574.jpg" class="w-60 invertible">

122
6_radiotehnika.md
View File

@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Frekvence sinusnih signalov, ki so večkratniki osnovne frekvence imenujemo **vi
::image::
<img src="/images/web_39.png">
<img src="/images/web_39.png" class="invertible">
---
layout: image-fill
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Fazni zasuk: **vsak filter povzroči fazni zasuk**!
::image::
<img src="/images/filter.jpg">
<img src="/images/filter.jpg" class="invertible">
---
@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ Fazni zasuk: **vsak filter povzroči fazni zasuk**!
::row::
<img src="/images/amp1.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/amp2.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/amp1.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
<img src="/images/amp2.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Pretvorba analognega signala v digitalnega z **A/D** pretvornikom imenujemo **vz
::right::
<img src="/images/web_40.png" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/web_40.png" class="h-100 invertible">
---
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Pretvorba analognega signala v digitalnega z **A/D** pretvornikom imenujemo **vz
::right::
<img src="/images/vzorcenje.jpg" class="w-130">
<img src="/images/vzorcenje.jpg" class="w-130 invertible">
---
layout: image-fill
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ layout: image-fill
::image::
<img src="/images/downsample.png" height=500>
<img src="/images/downsample.png" class="invertible">
---
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ layout: image-fill
::image::
<img src="/images/web_39.png">
<img src="/images/web_39.png" class="invertible">
---
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ komponente) nam pride prav pri tako imenovanem **množenju frekvenc**
::image::
<img src="/images/mnozenje_frek.jpg">
<img src="/images/mnozenje_frek.jpg" class="invertible">
---
@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ na izhodu mešalnika dobimo:
::right::
<img src="/images/mesanje.jpg" class="w-130">
<img src="/images/mesanje.jpg" class="w-130 invertible">
---
@ -238,8 +238,8 @@ $W$ – pasovna širina modulacijskega signala
::row::
<img src="/images/am_signal.png" class="h-60">
<img src="/images/web_42.png" class="h-60">
<img src="/images/am_signal.png" class="h-60 invertible">
<img src="/images/web_42.png" class="h-60 invertible">
---
@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ Nosilec potlačimo DSB-SC (Double-SideBand Supressed-Carrier) ali krajše **DSB*
::row::
<img src="/images/dsb.jpg" class="h-60">
<img src="/images/dsb.jpg" class="h-60 invertible">
---
@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ Da privarčujemo še na pasovni širini signala odstranimo še enega od bočnih
::row::
<img src="/images/ssb.jpg" class="h-60">
<img src="/images/ssb.jpg" class="h-60 invertible">
---
@ -275,8 +275,8 @@ Da privarčujemo še na pasovni širini signala odstranimo še enega od bočnih
Spreminjamo **frekvenco nosilca**
<div class="row-layout">
<img src="/images/fm_signal.png" class="h-80">
<img src="/images/web_43.jpg" class="h-80">
<img src="/images/fm_signal.png" class="h-80 invertible">
<img src="/images/web_43.jpg" class="h-80 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ Ogled animacije je možen na: <a>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_modulation<
::right::
<img src="/images/pm_signal.gif" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/pm_signal.gif" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ Ima **najmanjšo pasovno širino** (100 Hz), oddajamo/sprejemamo samo eno frekve
::row::
<img src="/images/img1803.jpg" class="h-50">
<img src="/images/img1803.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
TODO CW signal
---
@ -355,8 +355,8 @@ Prva stopnja oddajnika, določa frekvenco na kateri bo oddajnik deloval
::row::
<img src="/images/duseno_nihanje.jpg" class="h-70">
<img src="/images/nihanje.jpg" class="h-70">
<img src="/images/duseno_nihanje.jpg" class="h-70 invertible">
<img src="/images/nihanje.jpg" class="h-70 invertible">
---
@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ Prva stopnja oddajnika, določa frekvenco na kateri bo oddajnik deloval
::right::
<img src="/images/oscil.jpg" class="w-110">
<img src="/images/oscil.jpg" class="w-110 invertible">
TODO Animation
@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ nanj vplijo:
::right::
<img src="/images/am_ph_šum.jpg" class="w-110">
<img src="/images/am_ph_šum.jpg" class="w-110 invertible">
---
@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ in nato **s filtrom izločimo signal želene frekvence**
::right::
<img src="/images/heterodinski_osci.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/heterodinski_osci.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ Referenčna frekvenca ($f_\text{REF}$) določa najmanjši frekvenčni korak
::right::
<img src="/images/pll.jpg" class="w-120">
<img src="/images/pll.jpg" class="w-120 invertible">
---
@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ Frekvenco določa generator urnih impulzov (clock)
::right::
<img src="/images/dds.jpg" class="w-120">
<img src="/images/dds.jpg" class="w-140 invertible">
---
@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ Oječevalnik razreda C
::right::
<img src="/images/cw_trx.jpg" class="w-120">
<img src="/images/cw_trx.jpg" class="w-140 invertible">
---
@ -517,8 +517,8 @@ Oječevalnik razreda C
::row::
<img src="/images/cw_klik.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/cw_anti_klik.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/cw_klik.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
<img src="/images/cw_anti_klik.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ Oječevalnik razreda A ali AB
::right::
<img src="/images/ssb_trx.jpg" class="w-120">
<img src="/images/ssb_trx.jpg" class="w-120 invertible">
---
@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ Oječevalnik razreda A ali AB
::right::
<img src="/images/ssb_amp.jpg" class="w-120">
<img src="/images/ssb_amp.jpg" class="w-120 invertible">
---
@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ Oječevalnik razreda A ali AB
::right::
<img src="/images/fm_trx.jpg" class="w-120">
<img src="/images/fm_trx.jpg" class="w-120 invertible">
---
@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ Oječevalnik razreda A ali AB
::row::
<img src="/images/fm_pll_trx.jpg" class="h-70">
<img src="/images/fm_pll_trx.jpg" class="h-70 invertible">
---
@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ layout: image-fill
::image::
<img src="/images/sum_okolice.jpg" width=600>
<img src="/images/sum_okolice.jpg" class="invertible">
---
@ -645,8 +645,8 @@ $$ T_o = 290K $$
::row::
<img src="/images/sum_skupna.jpg" class="w-90">
<img src="/images/sum_sistema.jpg" class="w-90">
<img src="/images/sum_skupna.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
<img src="/images/sum_sistema.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
---
@ -737,8 +737,8 @@ Iz signala **izluščijo informacijo** (demodulacija &rarr; demulator)
::row::
<img src="/images/am_detektor_circ.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/am_detektor.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/am_detektor_circ.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
<img src="/images/am_detektor.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ S produkt detektorjem **lahko detektiramo tudi CW in AM signale**
::right::
<img src="/images/ssb_detektor.jpg" class="w-120">
<img src="/images/ssb_detektor.jpg" class="w-120 invertible">
---
@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ S produkt detektorjem **lahko detektiramo tudi CW in AM signale**
::right::
<img src="/images/fm_am_detektor.jpg" class="w-120">
<img src="/images/fm_am_detektor.jpg" class="w-120 invertible">
---
@ -797,12 +797,12 @@ Izkoristimo **linearno odvisnost amplitude od frekvence**
<div class="row-layout">
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/fm_am_lc.jpg" class="h-60">
<img src="/images/fm_am_lc.jpg" class="h-70 invertible">
LC nihajni krog
</div>
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/fm_am_balans.jpg" class="h-60">
<img src="/images/fm_am_balans.jpg" class="h-70 invertible">
**Balansni diskriminator**
Povečamo frekvenčno območje linearnosti
@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ oz. **Foster-Seeley diskriminator**
::image::
<img src="/images/fm_am_foster_seeley.jpg">
<img src="/images/fm_am_foster_seeley.jpg" class="invertible">
---
@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ layout: image-fill
::image::
<img src="/images/sodobni_super_vs_sdr.jpg">
<img src="/images/sodobni_super_vs_sdr.jpg" class="invertible">
---
@ -981,9 +981,9 @@ $$ \lambda = \frac{300}{145} = 2.07 \mathrm{m} $$
<tr><td>Zelo nizke frekvence</td><td>VLF</td><td>3 kHz – 30 kHz</td><td> > 10 km</td></tr>
<tr><td>Nizke frekvence</td><td>LF</td><td>30 kHz – 300 kHz</td><td> 10 – 1 km</td></tr>
<tr><td>Srednje frekvence</td><td>MF</td><td>300 kHz – 3 MHz</td><td> 1000 – 100 m</td></tr>
<tr><td>Visoke frekvence</td><td>HF</td><td>3 MHz – 30 MHz</td><td> 100 – 10 m</td></tr>
<tr><td>Zelo visoke frekvence</td><td>VHF</td><td>30 MHz – 300 MHz</td><td> 10 – 1 m</td></tr>
<tr><td>Ultra visoke frekvence</td><td>UHF</td><td>300 MHz – 3 GHz</td><td> 100 – 10 cm</td></tr>
<tr><td>Visoke frekvence</td><td><strong>HF</strong></td><td>3 MHz – 30 MHz</td><td> 100 – 10 m</td></tr>
<tr><td>Zelo visoke frekvence</td><td><strong>VHF</strong></td><td>30 MHz – 300 MHz</td><td> 10 – 1 m</td></tr>
<tr><td>Ultra visoke frekvence</td><td><strong>UHF</strong></td><td>300 MHz – 3 GHz</td><td> 100 – 10 cm</td></tr>
<tr><td>Super visoke frekvence</td><td>SHF</td><td>3 GHz – 30 GHz</td><td> 10 – 1 cm</td></tr>
<tr><td>Ekstremno visoke frekvence</td><td>EHF</td><td>30 GHz – 300 GHz</td><td> 1 – 0.1 cm</td></tr>
</table>
@ -1008,14 +1008,14 @@ Pravokotni polji:
::right::
<img src="/images/em_val.jpg" class="w-120">
<img src="/images/em_val.jpg" class="w-120 invertible">
---
## Polarizacija
::left::
## Polarizacija
Smer električne komponente (**E**) določa **polarizacijo** valovanja
Vrste polarizacij:
@ -1031,9 +1031,9 @@ Odboji in nepravilnosti v ionosferi povzročajo spreminjanje polarizacije
::right::
<div class="flex flex-col gap-5">
<img src="/images/web_44.png" class="w-120 bg-white">
<img src="/images/em_polar.jpg" class="w-120">
<div class="flex flex-col gap-2">
<img src="/images/web_44.png" class="w-110 bg-white invertible">
<img src="/images/em_polar.jpg" class="w-110">
</div>
---
@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ layout: image-fill
::image::
<img src="/images/odboj_lom_uklon.jpg">
<img src="/images/odboj_lom_uklon.jpg" class="invertible bg-white p-3">
---
@ -1194,6 +1194,8 @@ Vzroki:
- Odboj od dveh različnih slojev
- Odbijanje ob objektov
[Primer QSB](https://youtu.be/oDwoExzMiyM?si=X3xCtPKd1Ra1GBrN&t=33)
---
## Fading zaradi interference
@ -1204,8 +1206,8 @@ Signali **v fazi jakost povečajo**, signali **iz faze jakost zmanjšajo** ali v
::row::
<img src="/images/fading.jpg" class="w-90">
<img src="/images/interferenca.png" class="w-90 bg-white p-5">
<img src="/images/fading.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
<img src="/images/interferenca.png" class="w-110 bg-white p-5 invertible">
---
@ -1281,11 +1283,11 @@ Višji kot je pas, večji je domet
Možna tudi dvojna inverzija
<img src="/images/dvojna_inverzija.jpg" class="w-120">
<img src="/images/dvojna_inverzija.jpg" class="w-130 invertible">
::right::
<img src="/images/temp_inv.jpg" class="w-80">
<img src="/images/temp_inv.jpg" class="w-80 invertible">
---
@ -1297,7 +1299,7 @@ Domet poveča tudi do 2000 km
::row::
<img src="/images/e_sporadic.gif" class="h-60">
<img src="/images/e_sporadic.gif" class="h-60 bg-white p-2">
---
@ -1337,7 +1339,7 @@ Pri odboju se lahko spremeni polarizacija
::right::
<img src="/images/web_50.svg" class="h-100 bg-white p-5 invertable">
<img src="/images/web_50.svg" class="h-100 bg-white p-5 invertible">
---
@ -1412,4 +1414,4 @@ $h$ – nadmorska višina antene (m)
::right::
<img src="/images/izracun_horizonta.jpg" width=400>
<img src="/images/izracun_horizonta.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">

102
7_antene.md
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@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Referenčna antena: z njo določamo ojačanje drugih anten (več kasneje)
::row::
<img src="/images/dipole.jpg">
<img src="/images/dipole.jpg" class="invertible">
---
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ $$ 0.93 \lesssim k \lesssim 0.98 $$
::right::
<img src="/images/dipole.jpg">
<img src="/images/dipole.jpg" class="invertible">
---
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Antena **prekratka**: pojavi se **kapacitivna reaktanca**
::right::
<img src="/images/dipol_impedanca.jpg">
<img src="/images/dipol_impedanca.jpg" class="invertible">
::bottom::
@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ Iz prakse, najugodnejši skrajševalni faktor: 0,95
::right::
<img src="/images/isotrop_ant.png" width=400 class="bg-white p-5">
<img src="/images/isotrop_ant.png" class="w-100 bg-white p-5 invertible">
---
layout: image-fill
@ -175,13 +175,13 @@ layout: image-fill
Horizontalni sevalni diagram
<img src="/images/hor_sevalni_diagram.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/hor_sevalni_diagram.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
Vertikalni sevalni diagram
<img src="/images/vert_sevalni_diagram.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/vert_sevalni_diagram.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ To je 50 % padec moči oz. **-3dB**.
::row::
<img src="/images/kot_sevanja_1.jpg" class="h-60">
<img src="/images/kot_sevanja_2.jpg" class="h-60">
<img src="/images/kot_sevanja_1.jpg" class="h-70 invertible">
<img src="/images/kot_sevanja_2.jpg" class="h-70 invertible">
---
@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ razmerje med napetostjo v smeri maksimalnega sevanja (0°) in njemu nasprotnega
::right::
<img src="/images/fb_ratio.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/fb_ratio.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ Ločimo:
::right::
<img src="/images/wire_dipole.jpg" class="w-140">
<img src="/images/wire_dipole.jpg" class="w-140 invertible">
::bottom::
@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ Idealno postavljen **vsaj ½ "𝜆" od tal**, če ni, se popači sevalni diagram
Vertikalni sevalni diagram
vertikalnega dipola
<img src="/images/vert_dipole.jpg" class="w-90">
<img src="/images/vert_dipole.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
a. v praznem prostoru
b. blizu tal
@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ b. blizu tal
<div class="text-center flex flex-col gap-5">
Horizontalni dipol
<img src="/images/hor_dipole_1.jpg" class="w-90">
<img src="/images/hor_dipole_2.jpg" class="w-90">
<img src="/images/hor_dipole_1.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
<img src="/images/hor_dipole_2.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -339,8 +339,8 @@ Možno napajanje večih anten različnih dolžin.
::right::
<div class="flex flex-col gap-2 items-center">
<img src="/images/inv_v_1.jpg" class="w-60">
<img src="/images/inv_v_2.jpg" class="w-60">
<img src="/images/inv_v_1.jpg" class="w-60 invertible">
<img src="/images/inv_v_2.jpg" class="w-60 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ Impedanca je okoli 300 &Omega;, to pomeni, da anteno napajamo z:
::right::
<img src="/images/zaprt_dipol.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/zaprt_dipol.jpg" class="w-110 invertible">
---
@ -375,9 +375,9 @@ Ločimo: **Enojni** (a) in **dvojni** (b) Zepp
::row::
<img src="/images/zepp.jpg" class="h-30">
<img src="/images/zepp_dvojni.jpg" class="h-30">
<img src="/images/windom.jpg" class="h-30">
<img src="/images/zepp.jpg" class="h-30 invertible">
<img src="/images/zepp_dvojni.jpg" class="h-30 invertible">
<img src="/images/windom.jpg" class="h-30 invertible">
---
@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ To dosežemo s pravilnim razmerjem med L in C
::right::
<img src="/images/trap_dipol.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/trap_dipol.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -410,12 +410,12 @@ Tipična predstavnica **usmerjenih** anten
::right::
<img src="/images/yagi_tla.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/yagi_tla.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
::row::
<img src="/images/yagi_polarization.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/yagi.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/yagi_polarization.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
<img src="/images/yagi.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -426,12 +426,12 @@ Tipična predstavnica **usmerjenih** anten
**Več direktorjev** &rarr; **ožji glavni snop**
Po določeni velikosti, ni smiselno povečevanje.
<img src="/images/yagi_long.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/yagi_long.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
"Multiband" Yagi antena
<img src="/images/multiband_yagi.jpg" class="w-110">
<img src="/images/multiband_yagi.jpg" class="w-110 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -483,8 +483,8 @@ Predolgi – reflektorji, prekratki – direktorji
::right::
<div class="flex flex-col gap-5 items-center">
<img src="/images/lpda_ant.jpg" class="w-50">
<img src="/images/lpda.jpg" class="w-80">
<img src="/images/lpda_ant.jpg" class="w-50 invertible">
<img src="/images/lpda.jpg" class="w-80 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ Na najnižji frekvenci mora biti dolga vsaj $\frac34 \lambda$
::right::
<img src="/images/longwire.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/longwire.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ Ozemljimo z **radiali** (na ali pod zemljo) 0,2 - 0,5 &lambda;
::right::
<img src="/images/vertikalna_ant.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/vertikalna_ant.jpg" class="w-110 invertible">
---
@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ Sprejem: **več šuma** kot horizontalne
::right::
<img src="/images/vert_5_8_ant.jpg" class="w-90">
<img src="/images/vert_5_8_ant.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
---
@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ Radiali – žica (KV) ali aluminjaste cevi
::row::
<img src="/images/gp_ant.jpg" class="h-70">
<img src="/images/gp_ant.jpg" class="h-70 invertible">
<img src="/images/web_52.jpg" class="h-70">
<img src="/images/gp_6_ant.jpg" class="h-70">
@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ $C$ – "medsebojna razdalja"
::row::
<img src="/images/dvozilni_ant_vod.jpg" width=500>
<img src="/images/dvozilni_ant_vod.jpg" class="w-120 invertible">
---
@ -696,14 +696,14 @@ $C$ – "medsebojna razdalja"
<div class="text-center">
Dvožilni antenski vod
<img src="/images/sim_dvozilni_vod.jpg" height=200>
<img src="/images/sim_dvozilni_vod.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
$$ Z(\Omega) = \frac{120}{ \sqrt{\varepsilon_r} } \cdot \ln \frac{2 \cdot D(\mathrm{mm})}{d(\mathrm{mm})} $$
</div>
<div class="text-center">
Koaksialni vod
<img src="/images/asim_koaks.jpg" height=200>
<img src="/images/asim_koaks.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
$$ Z(\Omega) = \frac{60}{ \sqrt{\varepsilon_r} } \cdot \ln \frac{D(\mathrm{mm})}{d(\mathrm{mm})} $$
</div>
@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ layout: image-fill
::image::
<img src="/images/ant_vod_loss.jpg">
<img src="/images/ant_vod_loss.jpg" class="invertible">
---
@ -792,19 +792,19 @@ layout: image-fill
Prilagojeno breme
R = Z
<img src="/images/vod_prilagojeno.jpg" class="w-60">
<img src="/images/vod_prilagojeno.jpg" class="w-60 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
Odprt vod
R = &infin;
<img src="/images/vod_odprti.jpg" class="w-60">
<img src="/images/vod_odprti.jpg" class="w-60 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
Kratko slenjen vod
R = 0
<img src="/images/vod_stik.jpg" class="w-60">
<img src="/images/vod_stik.jpg" class="w-60 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -815,12 +815,12 @@ Del VF energije se potroši na bremenu, preostali del se vrne
<div class="text-center">
R > Z
<img src="/images/vod_r_gt_z.jpg" class="w-70">
<img src="/images/vod_r_gt_z.jpg" class="w-70 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
R < Z
<img src="/images/vod_r_lt_z.jpg" class="w-70">
<img src="/images/vod_r_lt_z.jpg" class="w-70 invertible">
</div>
</div>
@ -882,17 +882,17 @@ Dopustna meja: SWR = 3 (25% moči)
<div class="text-center">
Gama
<img src="/images/vod_gama.jpg" class="h-55">
<img src="/images/vod_gama.jpg" class="h-55 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
Delta
<img src="/images/vod_delta.jpg" class="h-55">
<img src="/images/vod_delta.jpg" class="h-55 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
Hairpin
<img src="/images/vod_hairpin.jpg" class="h-55">
<img src="/images/vod_hairpin.jpg" class="h-55 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -903,7 +903,7 @@ Hairpin
<div>
<img src="/images/vod_1_4.jpg" class="h-50">
<img src="/images/vod_1_4.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
**Četrtvalni transformator** impedance
@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ $Z_i$ – izhodna impedanca
</div>
<div>
<img src="/images/polvalna_zanka.jpg" class="h-50">
<img src="/images/polvalna_zanka.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
**Polvalna zanka**
@ -939,17 +939,17 @@ Balun (**bal**anced-**un**balanced) – prehod, simetrično na nesimetrično
<div class="text-center">
**Polvalna zanka**
<img src="/images/polvalna_zanka.jpg" class="h-55">
<img src="/images/polvalna_zanka.jpg" class="h-55 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
**Bazooka** simetrirni člen
<img src="/images/vod_bazooka.jpg" class="h-55">
<img src="/images/vod_bazooka.jpg" class="h-55 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
Trifilarno navitje
<img src="/images/trifilarno_navitje.jpg" class="h-55">
<img src="/images/trifilarno_navitje.jpg" class="h-55 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -959,12 +959,12 @@ Trifilarno navitje
<div class="text-center">
1:1 Balun
<img src="/images/balun_1_1.jpg" class="h-55">
<img src="/images/balun_1_1.jpg" class="h-55 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
4:1 Balun
<img src="/images/balun_4_1.jpg" class="h-55">
<img src="/images/balun_4_1.jpg" class="h-55 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ Tuner **NE naredi antene rezonančne**
::right::
<img src="/images/tuner_vezje.jpg" class="w-90">
<img src="/images/tuner_vezje.jpg" class="w-90 invertible">
---

50
8_motnje_meritve.md
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@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ $R_N$ – nadomestna upornost ($R_B$, $R_V$)
::right::
<div class="flex flex-col gap-5">
<img src="/images/meritve_volt.jpg" class="w-50">
<img src="/images/meritve_volt_real.jpg" class="w-50">
<img src="/images/meritve_volt.jpg" class="w-50 invertible">
<img src="/images/meritve_volt_real.jpg" class="w-50 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ $R_A$ – upornost ampermetra
::right::
<div class="flex flex-col gap-5">
<img src="/images/meritve_amp.jpg" class="w-50">
<img src="/images/meritve_amp_real.jpg" class="w-50">
<img src="/images/meritve_amp.jpg" class="w-50 invertible">
<img src="/images/meritve_amp_real.jpg" class="w-50 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -126,12 +126,12 @@ $$ R = \frac{U}{I} $$
<div class="text-center">
Posredno merjenje upornosti
<img src="/images/meritve_ohm_1.jpg" class="h-50">
<img src="/images/meritve_ohm_1.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
Merjenje upornosti z **ohmmetrom**
<img src="/images/meritve_ohm_2.jpg" class="h-50">
<img src="/images/meritve_ohm_2.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ moramo pravilno obremeniti izhod (50 &Omega;)
<div class="text-center">
Posredno merjenje moči
<img src="/images/meritve_ohm_1.jpg" class="h-50">
<img src="/images/meritve_ohm_1.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -169,12 +169,12 @@ $$ \text{SWR} = \frac{U_\text{max}}{U_\text{min}} $$
<div class="text-center">
SWR: 1,0
<img src="/images/vod_prilagojeno.jpg" class="h-50">
<img src="/images/vod_prilagojeno.jpg" class="h-60 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
SWR: > 1,0
<img src="/images/vod_r_gt_z.jpg" class="h-50">
<img src="/images/vod_r_gt_z.jpg" class="h-60 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Uporabimo **osciloskop**
<div class="text-center">
Amplitudna modulacija
<img src="/images/am_osciloskop.jpg" height=300>
<img src="/images/am_osciloskop.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ Lahko teče le majhen tok (50 &mu;A)
::right::
<img src="/images/instr_vrtljivo_tuljavico.jpg" class="h-60">
<img src="/images/instr_vrtljivo_tuljavico.jpg" class="h-60 invertible">
---
@ -232,17 +232,17 @@ Da zmanjšamo tok / napetost skozi tuljavico, vežemo dodatni soupor / predupor
<div class="text-center">
Soupor
<img src="/images/meritve_soupor.jpg" class="h-50">
<img src="/images/meritve_soupor.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
Predupor
<img src="/images/meritve_predupor.jpg" class="h-50">
<img src="/images/meritve_predupor.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
Merjenje upornosti
<img src="/images/meritve_ohm_3.jpg" class="h-50">
<img src="/images/meritve_ohm_3.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ AVO meter – Amper Volt Ohm meter
::right::
<img src="/images/multimeter.jpg" class="h-50">
<img src="/images/multimeter.jpg" class="h-50 invertible">
---
@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ $\Gamma$ (Gama) – velikost odbojnosti
::right::
<img src="/images/reflektometer.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/reflektometer.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ $$ \text{SWR} = \frac{1 + \Gamma}{1 - \Gamma} $$
::right::
<img src="/images/swr_meter.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/swr_meter.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -325,12 +325,12 @@ $$ \text{SWR} = \frac{1 + \Gamma}{1 - \Gamma} $$
<div class="text-center">
Števec frekvence
<img src="/images/stevec_frekvence.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/stevec_frekvence.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
</div>
<div class="text-center">
Frekvenčni indikator
<img src="/images/frekvencni_indikator.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/frekvencni_indikator.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
</div>
---
@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ Merimo:
::right::
<img src="/images/grid_dip.jpg" height=300>
<img src="/images/grid_dip.jpg" class="invertible">
---
@ -356,8 +356,8 @@ Merimo:
::row::
<img src="/images/osciloskop_1.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/osciloskop_2.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/osciloskop_1.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
<img src="/images/osciloskop_2.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---
@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ Merimo:
<img src="/images/osciloskop_3.jpg" class="w-100">
<div class="text-center">
<img src="/images/osciloskop_4.jpg" class="w-60">
<img src="/images/osciloskop_4.jpg" class="w-60 invertible">
$$ f = \frac{1}{T} = \frac{1}{1000\ \mathrm{s}} = 1000\ \mathrm{Hz} $$
</div>
@ -393,8 +393,8 @@ Dobra ozemljitev zmanjša verjetnost nastanka motenj
::row::
<img src="/images/ozemljitev_postaje.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/ozemljitev_zunaj.jpg" class="w-100">
<img src="/images/ozemljitev_postaje.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
<img src="/images/ozemljitev_zunaj.jpg" class="w-100 invertible">
---

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slides.md
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@ -110,5 +110,10 @@ src: ./7_antene.md
src: ./8_motnje_meritve.md
---
---
layout: image-fill
---
<img src="/images/web_56.png" width=600>
::image::
<img src="/images/web_56.png">

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theme/styles/layouts.css
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@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
html.dark img.invertable {
@apply invert-[.20];
html.dark {
img:not(.invertible) {
filter: brightness(0.8);
}
img.invertible {
filter: invert(1) brightness(0.9);
border: 1px solid #999;
}
}
.slidev-layout {